Pablita Velarde Tse Tsan—Golden Dawn (1918-2006) was well known to Indian art collectors for several decades. She was born in 1918 at Santa Clara Pueblo and was active up until her death in January, 2006. She was the first full-time female student in Dorothy Dunn’s art class at the Santa Fe Indian School (The Studio); she also studied with Tonita Peña. She painted in the “traditional” style of Santa Fe and did accurate portraits of Indian life and culture. At first she worked in watercolor, but later learned how to prepare paints from natural pigments (a process called Fresco secco). 

Pablita Velarde was best known for her earth paintings, where she used mineral and rock elements, which she ground on a metate and mano until the result was a powdery substance from which she made her paints. She painted almost exclusively on paper supports, and used watercolor and casein in addition to the earth pigments. 

Pablita Velarde painted murals for the Bandelier National Monument in New Mexico (1939-1948). She was also known to create art derived from the Navajo sandpainting tradition. Clara Tanner called her the “greatest woman artist in the Southwest.” Pablita Velarde’s daughter, Helen Hardin, was also quite well known.