"Painting of Two Rams and Rainbow" c. 1960s by J.D. Roybal

This painting is a classic example of work by prominent artist J.D. Roybal from San Ildefonso Pueblo (Po-Woh-Geh-Owingeh). The piece is executed in the Flatstyle characteristic of 20th-century Pueblo painting. It emphasizes clean, fine outlines and solid blocks of color without the use of three-dimensional shading.

The two rams (Bighorn Sheep) are depicted in a dynamic, leaping pose. In Pueblo culture, rams are often associated with the high mountains and are central figures in winter social dances, symbolizing strength and connection to the animal spirit world. The figures are enclosed within a multi-colored rainbow. In Southwestern indigenous art, rainbows are sacred symbols of moisture, protection, and the bridge between the physical and spiritual realms. At the apex of the rainbow is a stylized symbol (Sun Father), a common motif in San Ildefonso art representing life-giving energy and the source of all things.

The painting is dense with traditional iconography that frames the central scene: The stair-step designs on either side of the rainbow and along the bottom border represent altars or rain clouds., often seen as tablitas being worn by ceremonial dancers. These are prayers for rain, which is essential for survival in the arid Southwest. While not a full serpent here, the geometric patterns in the bottom border and the small circular motifs (sometimes interpreted as seeds or water droplets) reinforce the theme of agricultural fertility. The painting is framed under double mats and a brown wood frame. It is mounted on 100% rag backing, and covered by conservation glass. This painting is signed J.D. Roybal on the bottom right corner. 

About the Artist: J.D. Roybal

Known for his clean lines and balanced compositions, José Desiderio Roybal (1922-1978) Oquwa ("Rain God") was the nephew of the famous artist Alfonso Roybal (Awa Tsireh), who was a pioneer of modern Pueblo painting. His Tewa name, Oquwa ("Rain God"), is reflected in the heavy use of rain and water symbolism throughout his body of work. Roybal was particularly celebrated for his miniature style and his ability to capture immense detail on a small scale. While he is perhaps most famous for his whimsical depictions of Koshare (Clowns), this specific piece showcases his mastery of ceremonial and natural themes. His work remains highly collectible and is featured in major institutions like the Museum of Northern Arizona and the Millicent Rogers Museum.

Condition: very good condition

Provenance: this untitled Painting of Two Rams and Rainbow by J. D. Roybal c. is from the collection of a client of Adobe Gallery

Recommended Reading: Indian Painters and White Patrons by J. J. Brody, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 1971.

TAGS: San Ildefonso Pueblo, Tonita and Juan Cruz Roybal, Alfonso Roybal - Awa Tsireh, Native American Painting, J.D. Roybal, Katsina Dolls